Unique identifiers for this prescription assigned by different systems (e.g., institutional prescription number, e-prescribing ID, pharmacy system ID)

Example: [{"@type":"ClinicalIdentifier","value":"RX-2024-123456","type":"prescription"}]

Reference to the patient for whom this medication is prescribed

Reference to the healthcare encounter during which this prescription was created (e.g., office visit, hospital admission, telemedicine consultation)

The medication being prescribed with standardized coding (RxNorm, NDC, ATC)

Current status of the prescription in its lifecycle

Values: active, on-hold, cancelled, completed, entered-in-error, stopped, draft, unknown

Example: "active"

The intent or purpose of the prescription order

Values: proposal, plan, order, original-order, reflex-order, filler-order, instance-order

Example: "order"

Urgency level for dispensing and administration of the medication

Values: routine, urgent, asap, stat

Example: "routine"

Reference to the healthcare provider who authorized and signed the prescription

Date and time when the prescription was originally written and authorized by the prescriber

Example: "2024-11-15T10:30:00Z"

Time period during which the prescription is valid and can be dispensed (prescription expiration window)

Example: {"@type":"Period","start":"2024-11-15T10:30:00Z","end":"2025-11-15T10:30:00Z"}

Complete instructions for how the patient should take or use the medication, including dose, route, frequency, and duration

Example: "Take 1 tablet by mouth twice daily with food for 10 days"

Structured frequency specification for medication administration timing

Example: {"@type":"Frequency","count":2,"period":1,"periodUnit":"day","timeOfDay":["08:00","20:00"],"when":"with-meal"}

Amount of medication per dose (e.g., 1 tablet, 5 mL, 10 mg)

Example: 1

Unit of measure for the dose quantity

Example: "tablet"

Route of administration for the medication

Values: oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, topical, inhalation, nasal, ophthalmic, otic, rectal, vaginal, transdermal, other

Example: "oral"

Number of refills authorized by the prescriber (0 means no refills allowed)

Example: 3

Quantity of medication to be dispensed per fill or refill

Example: 30

Unit for the dispensed quantity (e.g., tablets, capsules, boxes, bottles, mL)

Example: "tablets"

Expected number of days the dispensed medication will last based on the dosage instructions

Example: 30

Whether generic or therapeutic substitution is permitted by the prescriber

Example: true

Explanation for why substitution is not allowed (e.g., medical necessity, patient intolerance to excipients, narrow therapeutic index)

Example: "Patient has documented intolerance to generic formulation excipients"

Coded clinical indication or diagnosis justifying why the medication was prescribed (typically ICD-10, SNOMED-CT codes)

Example: [{"@type":"Coding","code":"I10","system":"ICD-10","display":"Essential (primary) hypertension"}]

Free-text explanation of the clinical reasoning or indication for prescribing this medication

Example: "Blood pressure control - patient's BP readings consistently above 140/90"

Additional instructions, warnings, or information for the pharmacist and patient (e.g., special handling, patient counseling points, monitoring requirements)

Example: "Monitor blood pressure weekly. Contact prescriber if systolic BP drops below 110."

Reference to the previous prescription that this one replaces or modifies (for dose changes, medication switches)

Whether the prescription is currently active (status is 'active')

Whether the prescription has passed its validity period and can no longer be dispensed

Number of refills still available, calculated from numberOfRepeatsAllowed and actual dispense events tracked in the system

Estimated days of medication supply remaining based on last dispense date, expected supply days, and current date

Whether the prescribed medication is a DEA controlled substance (Schedule I-V), derived from medication.controlledSubstanceSchedule

Whether this prescription must be transmitted electronically per regulatory requirements (e.g., EPCS for Schedule II-V in certain jurisdictions)