ClinicalNote
A clinical narrative document that records observations, assessments, and care plans created during patient encounters. Supports structured documentation across various note types including progress notes, consultation reports, and discharge summaries.
Overview
ClinicalNote is the fundamental documentation entity for clinical narratives. It captures the complete written record of patient care including the chief complaint, history of present illness, assessment, and plan. Notes are typed (progress note, discharge summary, etc.), authored by practitioners, and progress through a lifecycle from draft to authenticated. Related notes can be linked to show document relationships and version history.
Key Concepts
Note Types
Different note types serve specific documentation purposes:
| Type | Purpose | Typical Author |
|---|---|---|
progress-note | Daily/routine patient updates | Attending physician |
admission-note | Initial inpatient documentation | Admitting physician |
discharge-summary | End-of-stay comprehensive summary | Discharging physician |
consultation-note | Specialist response to consult | Consultant |
procedure-note | Documentation of procedures | Proceduralist |
operative-note | Surgical procedure details | Surgeon |
nursing-note | Nursing assessments and care | Nurse |
history-physical | Complete H&P documentation | Physician |
assessment-plan | Focused A&P documentation | Provider |
Note Status
The status field tracks document lifecycle:
| Status | Description | Legal Status |
|---|---|---|
draft | Being composed | Not final |
active | Finalized and current | Legal record |
superseded | Replaced by newer version | Historical |
entered-in-error | Created in error | Invalid |
Authentication
Notes must be authenticated to become legal medical records:
author- Who wrote the noteauthenticator- Who verified and signedauthenticatedDateTime- When signed- Often the same person for routine notes
SOAP Structure
Many notes follow the SOAP format:
chiefComplaint- Why the patient is being seenhistoryPresentIllness- Detailed history (Subjective)- Physical exam findings (Objective - in content)
assessment- Clinical impressionplan- Treatment plan
Related Documents
The relatedDocuments field links notes:
- Prior versions being superseded
- Referenced previous notes
- Addenda and amendments
- Cross-provider documentation
Use Cases
Daily Progress Note
For inpatient rounding:
- Create note with
type: "progress-note" - Document overnight events
- Record examination findings
- Update assessment for each problem
- Adjust treatment plan
- Authenticate when complete
Admission Documentation
When admitting patient:
- Create
type: "admission-note" - Document chief complaint
- Complete history of present illness
- Record comprehensive examination
- List admission diagnoses
- Document admission orders and plan
Discharge Summary
At end of hospitalization:
- Create
type: "discharge-summary" - Summarize hospital course
- List discharge diagnoses
- Document discharge medications
- Provide follow-up instructions
- Include pending results/appointments
Consultation Response
When responding to consult:
- Create
type: "consultation-note" - State reason for consultation
- Document specialist evaluation
- Provide recommendations
- Thank referring provider
- Offer follow-up availability
Procedure Documentation
After performing procedure:
- Create
type: "procedure-note" - Document indication
- Describe procedure performed
- Note findings
- Record specimens obtained
- Document complications (if any)
- Provide post-procedure orders
Related Entities
| Entity | Relationship | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Patient | References | Subject of note |
| Encounter | References | Visit context |
| Practitioner | References | Author and authenticator |
| ClinicalNote | References many | Related documents |
Calculated Fields
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
isAuthenticated | boolean | True when authenticator is assigned |
wordCount | number | Count of words in content |
Enums
type
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
progress-note | Daily or routine documentation of patient status and care updates |
admission-note | Initial documentation when patient is admitted to facility |
discharge-summary | Comprehensive summary at end of hospitalization |
consultation-note | Specialist's response to a consultation request |
procedure-note | Documentation of a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure |
operative-note | Detailed documentation of a surgical procedure |
nursing-note | Nursing assessment, observations, and care documentation |
history-physical | Complete history and physical examination |
assessment-plan | Focused documentation of clinical assessment and treatment plan |
status
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
draft | Note is being composed and has not been finalized |
active | Note has been finalized and is the current active version |
superseded | Note has been replaced by a newer version |
entered-in-error | Note was created in error and should be disregarded |
Properties
| Property | Type | Mode | Description | Required |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| patient | Patient | stored | Reference to the patient who is the subject of this clinical note. This establishes the primary relationship between the documentation and the individual receiving care, enabling all clinical notes to be retrieved and organized by patient for comprehensive record review. Example: | Required |
| encounter | Encounter | stored | Reference to the clinical encounter during which this note was created. Links the documentation to a specific episode of care, visit, or admission, providing temporal and contextual association for the clinical narrative within the broader care timeline. Example: | Optional |
| type | string | stored | Classification of the clinical note type indicating its purpose and clinical context. Different note types follow specific documentation standards and serve distinct roles in the care process, from routine progress tracking to formal consultation responses and comprehensive discharge planning. Values: Example: | Required |
| status | string | stored | Current lifecycle status of the clinical note indicating whether it is still being composed, finalized and active in the medical record, replaced by a newer version, or marked as erroneous. Status management ensures proper version control and legal validity of clinical documentation. Values: Example: | Required |
| docDateTime | DateTime | stored | Date and time when the clinical documentation was created or the clinical observations were recorded. This timestamp establishes the temporal context for all clinical findings, assessments, and plans documented in the note, which is critical for understanding the patient's clinical trajectory. Example: | Required |
| author | Practitioner | stored | Reference to the healthcare practitioner who composed and documented the clinical note. Establishes authorship and clinical responsibility for the documented observations, assessments, and care plans, which is essential for accountability and medicolegal purposes. Example: | Required |
| authenticator | Practitioner | stored | Reference to the healthcare practitioner who reviewed, verified, and officially authenticated the clinical note by signing or approving it. Authentication transforms a draft document into an official legal medical record, confirming the accuracy and completeness of the documentation. Example: | Optional |
| authenticatedDateTime | DateTime | stored | Date and time when the clinical note was officially authenticated or signed by the authenticator. This timestamp marks when the documentation became a verified and legally valid component of the permanent medical record. Example: | Optional |
| title | string | stored | Human-readable title or heading for the clinical note that provides quick identification of the document's purpose and content. Titles help clinicians rapidly locate and distinguish between multiple notes in the medical record. Example: | Optional |
| content | string | stored | The complete clinical narrative text containing all observations, findings, assessments, clinical reasoning, and care plans documented by the author. This is the primary field containing the substantive medical documentation that forms the legal clinical record. Example: | Required |
| chiefComplaint | string | stored | Brief statement of the primary reason for the patient's visit or the main symptom or concern expressed by the patient in their own words. The chief complaint provides immediate context for understanding the clinical focus of the encounter and subsequent documentation. Example: | Optional |
| historyPresentIllness | string | stored | Detailed chronological narrative describing the development and progression of the patient's current illness or presenting problem. The HPI section elaborates on the chief complaint with specific details about onset, duration, severity, aggravating and relieving factors, and associated symptoms. Example: | Optional |
| assessment | string | stored | Clinical evaluation and interpretation of the patient's condition based on subjective and objective findings. The assessment section synthesizes all available clinical information to formulate diagnoses, differential diagnoses, and clinical impressions that guide treatment decisions. Example: | Optional |
| plan | string | stored | Detailed description of the therapeutic interventions, diagnostic workup, monitoring strategies, patient education, and follow-up arrangements planned to address the patient's clinical conditions. The plan section documents the clinical decision-making and care strategy moving forward. Example: | Optional |
| relatedDocuments | ClinicalNote[] | stored | References to other clinical notes that are clinically related to this document, such as prior versions being superseded, previous notes being referenced for comparison, or related documentation from other providers. These links establish document relationships that support comprehensive clinical review and care coordination. Example: | Optional |
| isAuthenticated | boolean | calculated | Calculated indicator showing whether the clinical note has been officially authenticated by having an authenticator assigned. Authenticated notes have been reviewed and signed, making them official legal medical records, while unauthenticated notes may still be in draft or pending review status. Example: | Optional |
| wordCount | number | calculated | Calculated count of words in the clinical note content. Word count provides a quantitative measure of documentation thoroughness and can be used for quality metrics, billing support, and identifying potentially incomplete or excessive documentation. Example: | Optional |
Examples
Example 1
{
"@type": "ClinicalNote",
"patient": "Patient/patient-67890",
"encounter": "Encounter/encounter-12345",
"type": "progress-note",
"status": "active",
"docDateTime": "2025-11-28T14:30:00Z",
"author": "Practitioner/practitioner-45678",
"authenticator": "Practitioner/practitioner-45678",
"authenticatedDateTime": "2025-11-28T15:45:00Z",
"title": "Cardiology Follow-up Progress Note",
"content": "SUBJECTIVE: Patient is a 67-year-old male with history of systolic heart failure (EF 35%) who presents for routine follow-up. Reports feeling much better since last visit. Exercise tolerance has improved - now able to walk 3 blocks without dyspnea compared to 1 block previously. Denies orthopnea, PND, or chest pain. Compliant with medications and low sodium diet. Daily weights stable.\n\nOBJECTIVE: BP 128/76, HR 68 regular, RR 16, O2 sat 97% on room air. JVP not elevated. Lungs clear to auscultation bilaterally. Cardiac exam shows regular rate and rhythm, no murmurs. Abdomen soft, non-tender. Extremities show trace pedal edema bilaterally, unchanged from prior.\n\nASSESSMENT: Chronic systolic heart failure, currently stable and well-compensated on medical therapy. Good symptomatic improvement and functional capacity.\n\nPLAN: Continue current medications including lisinopril 20mg daily, carvedilol 25mg BID, furosemide 40mg daily, spironolactone 25mg daily. Continue low sodium diet and daily weights. Follow up in 3 months or sooner if symptoms worsen. Patient education reinforced regarding warning signs of decompensation.",
"chiefComplaint": "Heart failure follow-up",
"historyPresentIllness": "67-year-old male with chronic systolic heart failure presents for routine follow-up. Reports significant improvement in symptoms over past 2 months. Exercise tolerance has increased from 1 to 3 blocks. No dyspnea at rest, no orthopnea, no PND. Compliant with all medications and dietary restrictions. Daily morning weights have been stable between 185-187 lbs.",
"assessment": "Chronic systolic heart failure (NYHA Class II), currently stable and well-compensated on guideline-directed medical therapy. Good symptomatic improvement and functional capacity.",
"plan": "1) Continue lisinopril 20mg daily\n2) Continue carvedilol 25mg BID\n3) Continue furosemide 40mg daily\n4) Continue spironolactone 25mg daily\n5) Maintain low sodium diet <2g/day\n6) Continue daily weights, call if >3lb gain in 2 days\n7) Follow-up in 3 months\n8) Return precautions discussed",
"_comment": "isAuthenticated: true, wordCount: 247"
}Example 2
{
"@type": "ClinicalNote",
"patient": "Patient/patient-88888",
"encounter": "Encounter/encounter-99999",
"type": "consultation-note",
"status": "active",
"docDateTime": "2025-11-29T10:15:00Z",
"author": "Practitioner/practitioner-33333",
"authenticator": "Practitioner/practitioner-33333",
"authenticatedDateTime": "2025-11-29T11:30:00Z",
"title": "Endocrinology Consultation for Diabetes Management",
"content": "Thank you for requesting endocrinology consultation for this pleasant 54-year-old female with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.\n\nREASON FOR CONSULTATION: Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes with HbA1c 9.8% despite oral medications.\n\nHISTORY: Patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 5 years ago. Currently on metformin 1000mg BID and glipizide 10mg BID. Reports fair medication compliance. Diet consists of high carbohydrate intake. Minimal exercise. Home glucose monitoring shows fasting values 180-220 mg/dL. Denies polyuria, polydipsia, or weight changes. No known diabetic complications to date.\n\nPAST MEDICAL HISTORY: Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity (BMI 34).\n\nMEDICATIONS: As above, plus lisinopril 20mg daily, atorvastatin 40mg daily.\n\nPHYSICAL EXAMINATION: BP 138/84, HR 76, BMI 34. Alert and oriented. Heart regular rhythm. Lungs clear. Abdomen obese, soft. Extremities show normal sensation to monofilament, palpable pedal pulses bilaterally.\n\nLABS: HbA1c 9.8%, fasting glucose 198 mg/dL, creatinine 0.9 mg/dL, eGFR >60, urine microalbumin negative.\n\nASSESSMENT: 54-year-old female with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, failing oral agent therapy. No evidence of diabetic complications currently. Needs intensification of glycemic management.\n\nRECOMMENDATIONS:\n1) Initiate GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy - semaglutide 0.25mg weekly, titrate per protocol\n2) Continue metformin 1000mg BID\n3) Discontinue glipizide given hypoglycemia risk with GLP-1 agonist\n4) Diabetes education referral for carbohydrate counting and lifestyle modification\n5) Continue lisinopril for renal protection\n6) Recommend structured exercise program 150 min/week\n7) Recheck HbA1c in 3 months\n8) Annual diabetic eye exam and foot screening\n9) Happy to see in follow-up in 3 months or sooner as needed\n\nThank you for this interesting consultation.",
"chiefComplaint": "Uncontrolled diabetes",
"historyPresentIllness": "54-year-old female with 5-year history of type 2 diabetes presents for endocrine consultation due to poor glycemic control with HbA1c 9.8% despite maximum doses of metformin and glipizide. Patient reports taking medications regularly but acknowledges high carbohydrate diet and sedentary lifestyle. Home glucose monitoring reveals consistently elevated fasting values in the 180-220 mg/dL range. No acute hyperglycemic symptoms. No known diabetic complications identified to date.",
"assessment": "Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus failing dual oral agent therapy (HbA1c 9.8%). Metabolic syndrome with obesity (BMI 34), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. No evidence of microvascular or macrovascular diabetic complications at present. Patient would benefit significantly from GLP-1 agonist therapy for both glycemic improvement and weight reduction.",
"plan": "1) Start semaglutide 0.25mg subcutaneous weekly x 4 weeks, then increase to 0.5mg weekly\n2) Continue metformin 1000mg BID for insulin sensitization\n3) Discontinue glipizide to reduce hypoglycemia risk\n4) Diabetes self-management education referral\n5) Medical nutrition therapy referral\n6) Target 7% weight loss through lifestyle modification\n7) Structured exercise program 150 minutes weekly\n8) Continue lisinopril 20mg daily for cardio-renal protection\n9) Repeat HbA1c in 3 months, target <7%\n10) Annual dilated eye exam\n11) Annual comprehensive foot exam\n12) Follow-up endocrinology visit in 3 months",
"relatedDocuments": [],
"_comment": "isAuthenticated: true, wordCount: 412"
}Example 3
{
"@type": "ClinicalNote",
"patient": "Patient/patient-55555",
"encounter": "Encounter/encounter-77777",
"type": "discharge-summary",
"status": "active",
"docDateTime": "2025-11-30T16:00:00Z",
"author": "Practitioner/practitioner-22222",
"authenticator": "Practitioner/practitioner-22222",
"authenticatedDateTime": "2025-11-30T17:15:00Z",
"title": "Discharge Summary - Community Acquired Pneumonia",
"content": "DISCHARGE SUMMARY\n\nADMISSION DATE: 2025-11-27\nDISCHARGE DATE: 2025-11-30\nLENGTH OF STAY: 3 days\n\nADMITTING DIAGNOSIS: Community acquired pneumonia\n\nDISCHARGE DIAGNOSIS:\n1. Community acquired pneumonia, right lower lobe\n2. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, resolved\n3. Type 2 diabetes mellitus\n\nHOSPITAL COURSE: Patient is a 72-year-old male with diabetes who presented to ED with 4-day history of fever, productive cough, and dyspnea. Chest X-ray showed right lower lobe infiltrate. Initial vitals: temp 101.8F, HR 98, BP 142/86, RR 22, O2 sat 88% on room air. Started on supplemental oxygen 3L NC and empiric antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone 1g IV daily and azithromycin 500mg IV daily for community acquired pneumonia.\n\nPatient showed good clinical response to therapy. Fever defervesced by hospital day 2. Oxygen requirements decreased progressively, and patient weaned to room air by day 3. Repeat chest X-ray showed improving infiltrate. Labs showed resolving leukocytosis. Blood cultures remained negative. Patient tolerating oral intake well and ambulating without difficulty. Given clinical improvement, decision made to transition to oral antibiotics and discharge home.\n\nHOSPITAL PROCEDURES: None\n\nCONSULTATIONS: None\n\nDISCHARGE MEDICATIONS:\n1. Amoxicillin-clavulanate 875mg-125mg PO BID x 5 days\n2. Metformin 1000mg PO BID (home medication)\n3. Acetaminophen 650mg PO Q6H PRN fever or pain\n\nDISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS:\n1. Complete full 7-day course of antibiotics (received 2 days IV, now 5 days oral)\n2. Rest and increase fluid intake\n3. Use incentive spirometry every 2 hours while awake\n4. Monitor temperature twice daily\n5. Return to ED if fever >101F, worsening shortness of breath, or chest pain\n6. Follow-up with primary care physician in 1 week\n7. Repeat chest X-ray in 4-6 weeks to document resolution\n\nDISCHARGE CONDITION: Stable, improved, no oxygen requirement\n\nDISCHARGE DISPOSITION: Home with self-care\n\nFOLLOW-UP: Primary care physician appointment scheduled for December 7, 2025",
"chiefComplaint": "Fever, cough, shortness of breath",
"historyPresentIllness": "72-year-old male with history of type 2 diabetes presented to emergency department with 4-day history of fever, productive cough with yellow sputum, progressive dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. Symptoms began with mild upper respiratory symptoms that worsened over several days. Fever to 102F at home. Increased work of breathing prompted ED visit. Denied recent sick contacts or travel. Denies nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.",
"assessment": "Community acquired pneumonia with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, successfully treated with IV antibiotics and supplemental oxygen. Good clinical response with resolution of fever, improved oxygenation, and radiographic improvement. Patient stable for discharge on oral antibiotics to complete treatment course.",
"plan": "Discharge home on oral amoxicillin-clavulanate to complete 7-day total antibiotic course. Continue home diabetes medications. Close primary care follow-up in 1 week with repeat chest X-ray in 4-6 weeks to confirm radiographic resolution. Patient educated on warning signs requiring emergency re-evaluation. Incentive spirometry and pulmonary hygiene measures emphasized.",
"relatedDocuments": [
"ClinicalNote/admission-note-77777"
],
"_comment": "isAuthenticated: true, wordCount: 389"
}